S attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points and defending is much more difficult. Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet, but a range of other techniques are possible including reflection and amplification attacks, where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victim. Direct access attackseditAn unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly copy data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyloggers, covert listening devices or using wireless mice. Even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be able to be by passed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD ROM or other bootable media. Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent these attacks. WordPress-Import/2014/09/Screen-Shot-2014-09-15-at-12.27.05-pm.png' alt='Best Computer Internet Security Software 2014' title='Best Computer Internet Security Software 2014' />EavesdroppingeditEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and Narus. In. Sight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that operate as a closed system i. TEMPEST is a specification by the NSA referring to these attacks. SpoofingeditSpoofing is the act of masquerading as a valid entity through falsification of data such as an IP address or username, in order to gain access to information or resources that one is otherwise unauthorized to obtain. There are several types of spoofing, including TamperingeditTampering describes a malicious modification of products. So called Evil Maid attacks and security services planting of surveillance capability into routers1. Privilege escalationeditPrivilege escalation describes a situation where an attacker with some level of restricted access is able to, without authorization, elevate their privileges or access level. For example, a standard computer user may be able to fool the system into giving them access to restricted data or even to become root and have full unrestricted access to a system. PhishingeditPhishing is the attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details directly from users. Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one. Preying on a victims trust, phishing can be classified as a form of social engineering. ClickjackingeditClickjacking, also known as UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack, is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page. This is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacker is basically hijacking the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, most likely owned by someone else. A similar technique can be used to hijack keystrokes. Carefully drafting a combination of stylesheets, iframes, buttons and text boxes, a user can be led into believing that they are typing the password or other information on some authentic webpage while it is being channeled into an invisible frame controlled by the attacker. Social engineeringeditSocial engineering aims to convince a user to disclose secrets such as passwords, card numbers, etc. A common scam involves fake CEO emails sent to accounting and finance departments. In early 2. 01. 6, the FBI reported that the scam has cost US businesses more than 2bn in about two years. In May 2. 01. 6, the Milwaukee Bucks. NBA team was the victim of this type of cyber scam with a perpetrator impersonating the teams president Peter Feigin, resulting in the handover of all the teams employees 2. W 2 tax forms. 1. Information security cultureeditEmployee behavior can have a big impact on information security in organizations. Cultural concepts can help different segments of the organization work effectively or work against effectiveness towards information security within an organization. Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Information Security Culture provides the following definition of information security culture ISC is the totality of patterns of behavior in an organization that contribute to the protection of information of all kinds. Andersson and Reimers 2. Information Security effort and often take actions that ignore organizational Information Security best interests. Research shows Information security culture needs to be improved continuously. Best Computer Internet Security Software 2014© 2017